2016년 05월 – SO Manual Site

wget – 웹 서버로부터 콘텐츠를 가져오는 리눅스 명령어

GNU Wget(간단히 Wget, 이전 이름:Geturl)는 웹 서버로부터 콘텐츠를 가져오는 컴퓨터 프로그램으로,
GNU 프로젝트의 일부이다.
이 프로그램의 이름은 월드 와이드 웹과 get에서 가져온 것이다.
HTTP, HTTPS, FTP 프로토콜을 통해 내려받기를 지원한다.


[root@server free]# wget http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz
--2016-05-24 13:44:55--  http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz
Resolving kr1.php.net... 115.68.110.81
Connecting to kr1.php.net|115.68.110.81|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 18355694 (18M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `php-5.6.19.tar.gz'

100%[=============================================================>] 18,355,694  20.1M/s   in 0.9s

2016-05-24 13:44:56 (20.1 MB/s) - `php-5.6.19.tar.gz' saved [18355694/18355694]


[root@server free]# ll
합계 17932
drwx-----x 2 root root     4096 2016-05-23 16:41 home
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18355694 2016-03-03 09:50 php-5.6.19.tar.gz

[root@server free]# wget http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz

--2016-05-24 13:44:55-- http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz

Resolving kr1.php.net... 115.68.110.81

Connecting to kr1.php.net|115.68.110.81|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 18355694 (18M) [application/x-gzip]

Saving to: `php-5.6.19.tar.gz'

100%[=============================================================>] 18,355,694 20.1M/s in 0.9s

2016-05-24 13:44:56 (20.1 MB/s) - `php-5.6.19.tar.gz' saved [18355694/18355694]

[root@server free]# ll

합계 17932

drwx-----x 2 root root 4096 2016-05-23 16:41 home

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18355694 2016-03-03 09:50 php-5.6.19.tar.gz


[root@server free]# mkdir file
[root@server free]# wget -P file/ http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz
--2016-05-24 13:48:21--  http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz
Resolving kr1.php.net... 115.68.110.81
Connecting to kr1.php.net|115.68.110.81|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 18355694 (18M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `file/php-5.6.19.tar.gz'

100%[=============================================================>] 18,355,694  16.3M/s   in 1.1s

2016-05-24 13:48:22 (16.3 MB/s) - `file/php-5.6.19.tar.gz' saved [18355694/18355694]

[root@server free]# cd file/ ; ll
합계 17928
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18355694 2016-03-03 09:50 php-5.6.19.tar.gz

[root@server free]# mkdir file

[root@server free]# wget -P file/ http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz

--2016-05-24 13:48:21-- http://kr1.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.19.tar.gz

Resolving kr1.php.net... 115.68.110.81

Connecting to kr1.php.net|115.68.110.81|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 18355694 (18M) [application/x-gzip]

Saving to: `file/php-5.6.19.tar.gz'

100%[=============================================================>] 18,355,694 16.3M/s in 1.1s

2016-05-24 13:48:22 (16.3 MB/s) - `file/php-5.6.19.tar.gz' saved [18355694/18355694]

[root@server free]# cd file/ ; ll

합계 17928

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18355694 2016-03-03 09:50 php-5.6.19.tar.gz


[root@server free]# wget -q -P file/ http://apache.tt.co.kr/httpd/httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz
[root@server free]# cd file/ ; ll
합계 24816
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7051797 2015-12-12 07:25 httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18355694 2016-03-03 09:50 php-5.6.19.tar.gz

[root@server free]# wget -q -P file/ http://apache.tt.co.kr/httpd/httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz

[root@server free]# cd file/ ; ll

합계 24816

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7051797 2015-12-12 07:25 httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18355694 2016-03-03 09:50 php-5.6.19.tar.gz


[root@server free]# wget --help
GNU Wget 1.12, a non-interactive network retriever.
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

Startup:
  -V,  --version           display the version of Wget and exit.
  -h,  --help              print this help.
  -b,  --background        go to background after startup.
  -e,  --execute=COMMAND   execute a `.wgetrc'-style command.

Logging and input file:
  -o,  --output-file=FILE    log messages to FILE.
  -a,  --append-output=FILE  append messages to FILE.
  -d,  --debug               print lots of debugging information.
  -q,  --quiet               quiet (no output).
  -v,  --verbose             be verbose (this is the default).
  -nv, --no-verbose          turn off verboseness, without being quiet.
  -i,  --input-file=FILE     download URLs found in local or external FILE.
  -F,  --force-html          treat input file as HTML.
  -B,  --base=URL            resolves HTML input-file links (-i -F)
                             relative to URL.

Download:
  -t,  --tries=NUMBER            set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits).
       --retry-connrefused       retry even if connection is refused.
  -O,  --output-document=FILE    write documents to FILE.
  -nc, --no-clobber              skip downloads that would download to
                                 existing files.
  -c,  --continue                resume getting a partially-downloaded file.
       --progress=TYPE           select progress gauge type.
  -N,  --timestamping            don't re-retrieve files unless newer than
                                 local.
  -S,  --server-response         print server response.
       --spider                  don't download anything.
  -T,  --timeout=SECONDS         set all timeout values to SECONDS.
       --dns-timeout=SECS        set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS.
       --connect-timeout=SECS    set the connect timeout to SECS.
       --read-timeout=SECS       set the read timeout to SECS.
  -w,  --wait=SECONDS            wait SECONDS between retrievals.
       --waitretry=SECONDS       wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval.
       --random-wait             wait from 0...2*WAIT secs between retrievals.
       --no-proxy                explicitly turn off proxy.
  -Q,  --quota=NUMBER            set retrieval quota to NUMBER.
       --bind-address=ADDRESS    bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host.
       --limit-rate=RATE         limit download rate to RATE.
       --no-dns-cache            disable caching DNS lookups.
       --restrict-file-names=OS  restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows.
       --ignore-case             ignore case when matching files/directories.
  -4,  --inet4-only              connect only to IPv4 addresses.
  -6,  --inet6-only              connect only to IPv6 addresses.
       --prefer-family=FAMILY    connect first to addresses of specified family,
                                 one of IPv6, IPv4, or none.
       --user=USER               set both ftp and http user to USER.
       --password=PASS           set both ftp and http password to PASS.
       --ask-password            prompt for passwords.
       --no-iri                  turn off IRI support.
       --local-encoding=ENC      use ENC as the local encoding for IRIs.
       --remote-encoding=ENC     use ENC as the default remote encoding.

Directories:
  -nd, --no-directories           don't create directories.
  -x,  --force-directories        force creation of directories.
  -nH, --no-host-directories      don't create host directories.
       --protocol-directories     use protocol name in directories.
  -P,  --directory-prefix=PREFIX  save files to PREFIX/...
       --cut-dirs=NUMBER          ignore NUMBER remote directory components.

HTTP options:
       --http-user=USER        set http user to USER.
       --http-password=PASS    set http password to PASS.
       --no-cache              disallow server-cached data.
       --default-page=NAME     Change the default page name (normally
                               this is `index.html'.).
  -E,  --adjust-extension      save HTML/CSS documents with proper extensions.
       --ignore-length         ignore `Content-Length' header field.
       --header=STRING         insert STRING among the headers.
       --max-redirect          maximum redirections allowed per page.
       --proxy-user=USER       set USER as proxy username.
       --proxy-password=PASS   set PASS as proxy password.
       --referer=URL           include `Referer: URL' header in HTTP request.
       --save-headers          save the HTTP headers to file.
  -U,  --user-agent=AGENT      identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION.
       --no-http-keep-alive    disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections).
       --no-cookies            don't use cookies.
       --load-cookies=FILE     load cookies from FILE before session.
       --save-cookies=FILE     save cookies to FILE after session.
       --keep-session-cookies  load and save session (non-permanent) cookies.
       --post-data=STRING      use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
       --post-file=FILE        use the POST method; send contents of FILE.
       --content-disposition   honor the Content-Disposition header when
                               choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL).
       --auth-no-challenge     send Basic HTTP authentication information
                               without first waiting for the server's
                               challenge.

HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:
       --secure-protocol=PR     choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,
                                SSLv3, and TLSv1.
       --no-check-certificate   don't validate the server's certificate.
       --certificate=FILE       client certificate file.
       --certificate-type=TYPE  client certificate type, PEM or DER.
       --private-key=FILE       private key file.
       --private-key-type=TYPE  private key type, PEM or DER.
       --ca-certificate=FILE    file with the bundle of CA's.
       --ca-directory=DIR       directory where hash list of CA's is stored.
       --random-file=FILE       file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG.
       --egd-file=FILE          file naming the EGD socket with random data.

FTP options:
       --ftp-user=USER         set ftp user to USER.
       --ftp-password=PASS     set ftp password to PASS.
       --no-remove-listing     don't remove `.listing' files.
       --no-glob               turn off FTP file name globbing.
       --no-passive-ftp        disable the "passive" transfer mode.
       --retr-symlinks         when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir).

Recursive download:
  -r,  --recursive          specify recursive download.
  -l,  --level=NUMBER       maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite).
       --delete-after       delete files locally after downloading them.
  -k,  --convert-links      make links in downloaded HTML or CSS point to
                            local files.
  -K,  --backup-converted   before converting file X, back up as X.orig.
  -m,  --mirror             shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.
  -p,  --page-requisites    get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.
       --strict-comments    turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.

Recursive accept/reject:
  -A,  --accept=LIST               comma-separated list of accepted extensions.
  -R,  --reject=LIST               comma-separated list of rejected extensions.
  -D,  --domains=LIST              comma-separated list of accepted domains.
       --exclude-domains=LIST      comma-separated list of rejected domains.
       --follow-ftp                follow FTP links from HTML documents.
       --follow-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of followed HTML tags.
       --ignore-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags.
  -H,  --span-hosts                go to foreign hosts when recursive.
  -L,  --relative                  follow relative links only.
  -I,  --include-directories=LIST  list of allowed directories.
  --trust-server-names  use the name specified by the redirection url last component.
  -X,  --exclude-directories=LIST  list of excluded directories.
  -np, --no-parent                 don't ascend to the parent directory.

Mail bug reports and suggestions to <bug-wget@gnu.org>.

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[root@server free]# wget --help

GNU Wget 1.12, a non-interactive network retriever.

Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

Startup:

-V, --version display the version of Wget and exit.

-h, --help print this help.

-b, --background go to background after startup.

-e, --execute=COMMAND execute a `.wgetrc'-style command.

Logging and input file:

-o, --output-file=FILE log messages to FILE.

-a, --append-output=FILE append messages to FILE.

-d, --debug print lots of debugging information.

-q, --quiet quiet (no output).

-v, --verbose be verbose (this is the default).

-nv, --no-verbose turn off verboseness, without being quiet.

-i, --input-file=FILE download URLs found in local or external FILE.

-F, --force-html treat input file as HTML.

-B, --base=URL resolves HTML input-file links (-i -F)

relative to URL.

Download:

-t, --tries=NUMBER set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits).

--retry-connrefused retry even if connection is refused.

-O, --output-document=FILE write documents to FILE.

-nc, --no-clobber skip downloads that would download to

existing files.

-c, --continue resume getting a partially-downloaded file.

--progress=TYPE select progress gauge type.

-N, --timestamping don't re-retrieve files unless newer than

local.

-S, --server-response print server response.

--spider don't download anything.

-T, --timeout=SECONDS set all timeout values to SECONDS.

--dns-timeout=SECS set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS.

--connect-timeout=SECS set the connect timeout to SECS.

--read-timeout=SECS set the read timeout to SECS.

-w, --wait=SECONDS wait SECONDS between retrievals.

--waitretry=SECONDS wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval.

--random-wait wait from 0...2*WAIT secs between retrievals.

--no-proxy explicitly turn off proxy.

-Q, --quota=NUMBER set retrieval quota to NUMBER.

--bind-address=ADDRESS bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host.

--limit-rate=RATE limit download rate to RATE.

--no-dns-cache disable caching DNS lookups.

--restrict-file-names=OS restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows.

--ignore-case ignore case when matching files/directories.

-4, --inet4-only connect only to IPv4 addresses.

-6, --inet6-only connect only to IPv6 addresses.

--prefer-family=FAMILY connect first to addresses of specified family,

one of IPv6, IPv4, or none.

--user=USER set both ftp and http user to USER.

--password=PASS set both ftp and http password to PASS.

--ask-password prompt for passwords.

--no-iri turn off IRI support.

--local-encoding=ENC use ENC as the local encoding for IRIs.

--remote-encoding=ENC use ENC as the default remote encoding.

Directories:

-nd, --no-directories don't create directories.

-x, --force-directories force creation of directories.

-nH, --no-host-directories don't create host directories.

--protocol-directories use protocol name in directories.

-P, --directory-prefix=PREFIX save files to PREFIX/...

--cut-dirs=NUMBER ignore NUMBER remote directory components.

HTTP options:

--http-user=USER set http user to USER.

--http-password=PASS set http password to PASS.

--no-cache disallow server-cached data.

--default-page=NAME Change the default page name (normally

this is `index.html'.).

-E, --adjust-extension save HTML/CSS documents with proper extensions.

--ignore-length ignore `Content-Length' header field.

--header=STRING insert STRING among the headers.

--max-redirect maximum redirections allowed per page.

--proxy-user=USER set USER as proxy username.

--proxy-password=PASS set PASS as proxy password.

--referer=URL include `Referer: URL' header in HTTP request.

--save-headers save the HTTP headers to file.

-U, --user-agent=AGENT identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION.

--no-http-keep-alive disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections).

--no-cookies don't use cookies.

--load-cookies=FILE load cookies from FILE before session.

--save-cookies=FILE save cookies to FILE after session.

--keep-session-cookies load and save session (non-permanent) cookies.

--post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data.

--post-file=FILE use the POST method; send contents of FILE.

--content-disposition honor the Content-Disposition header when

choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL).

--auth-no-challenge send Basic HTTP authentication information

without first waiting for the server's

challenge.

HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:

--secure-protocol=PR choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,

SSLv3, and TLSv1.

--no-check-certificate don't validate the server's certificate.

--certificate=FILE client certificate file.

--certificate-type=TYPE client certificate type, PEM or DER.

--private-key=FILE private key file.

--private-key-type=TYPE private key type, PEM or DER.

--ca-certificate=FILE file with the bundle of CA's.

--ca-directory=DIR directory where hash list of CA's is stored.

--random-file=FILE file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG.

--egd-file=FILE file naming the EGD socket with random data.

FTP options:

--ftp-user=USER set ftp user to USER.

--ftp-password=PASS set ftp password to PASS.

--no-remove-listing don't remove `.listing' files.

--no-glob turn off FTP file name globbing.

--no-passive-ftp disable the "passive" transfer mode.

--retr-symlinks when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir).

Recursive download:

-r, --recursive specify recursive download.

-l, --level=NUMBER maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite).

--delete-after delete files locally after downloading them.

-k, --convert-links make links in downloaded HTML or CSS point to

local files.

-K, --backup-converted before converting file X, back up as X.orig.

-m, --mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.

-p, --page-requisites get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.

--strict-comments turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.

Recursive accept/reject:

-A, --accept=LIST comma-separated list of accepted extensions.

-R, --reject=LIST comma-separated list of rejected extensions.

-D, --domains=LIST comma-separated list of accepted domains.

--exclude-domains=LIST comma-separated list of rejected domains.

--follow-ftp follow FTP links from HTML documents.

--follow-tags=LIST comma-separated list of followed HTML tags.

--ignore-tags=LIST comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags.

-H, --span-hosts go to foreign hosts when recursive.

-L, --relative follow relative links only.

-I, --include-directories=LIST list of allowed directories.

--trust-server-names use the name specified by the redirection url last component.

-X, --exclude-directories=LIST list of excluded directories.

-np, --no-parent don't ascend to the parent directory.

Mail bug reports and suggestions to <bug-wget@gnu.org>.

du – 폴더 또는 파일의 용량 확인


[root@server html]# ll -h
합계 3.1M
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root 4.0K 2016-03-08 18:09 code
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 1.5M 2016-05-20 15:30 filename.tar.gz.bz2
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 1.5M 2016-05-20 15:33 filename.zip
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  418 2015-09-03 12:33 index.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  20K 2016-01-14 12:36 license.txt
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 7.2K 2016-05-07 04:26 readme.html
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 5.0K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-activate.php
drwxr-xr-x.  9 team free 4.0K 2015-11-07 09:00 wp-admin
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  271 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-blog-header.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 1.4K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-comments-post.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 2.8K 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-config-sample.php
-rw-rw-rw-.  1 team free 3.0K 2015-12-08 15:48 wp-config.php
drwxr-xr-x.  7 team free 4.0K 2016-05-11 07:53 wp-content
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 3.3K 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-cron.php
drwxr-xr-x. 16 team free 4.0K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-includes
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 2.4K 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-links-opml.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 3.3K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-load.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  33K 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-login.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 7.8K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-mail.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  13K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-settings.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  28K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-signup.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 4.0K 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-trackback.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 3.0K 2015-12-11 16:15 xmlrpc.php

[root@server html]# du -shc *
5.4M    code
1.5M    filename.tar.gz.bz2
1.5M    filename.zip
4.0K    index.php
20K     license.txt
8.0K    readme.html
8.0K    wp-activate.php
7.0M    wp-admin
4.0K    wp-blog-header.php
4.0K    wp-comments-post.php
4.0K    wp-config-sample.php
4.0K    wp-config.php
42M     wp-content
4.0K    wp-cron.php
13M     wp-includes
4.0K    wp-links-opml.php
4.0K    wp-load.php
36K     wp-login.php
8.0K    wp-mail.php
16K     wp-settings.php
28K     wp-signup.php
4.0K    wp-trackback.php
4.0K    xmlrpc.php
70M     합계

[root@server html]# ll -h

합계 3.1M

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K 2016-03-08 18:09 code

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5M 2016-05-20 15:30 filename.tar.gz.bz2

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5M 2016-05-20 15:33 filename.zip

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 418 2015-09-03 12:33 index.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 20K 2016-01-14 12:36 license.txt

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 7.2K 2016-05-07 04:26 readme.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 5.0K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-activate.php

drwxr-xr-x. 9 team free 4.0K 2015-11-07 09:00 wp-admin

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 271 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-blog-header.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 1.4K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-comments-post.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 2.8K 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-config-sample.php

-rw-rw-rw-. 1 team free 3.0K 2015-12-08 15:48 wp-config.php

drwxr-xr-x. 7 team free 4.0K 2016-05-11 07:53 wp-content

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 3.3K 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-cron.php

drwxr-xr-x. 16 team free 4.0K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-includes

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 2.4K 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-links-opml.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 3.3K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-load.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 33K 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-login.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 7.8K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-mail.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 13K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-settings.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 28K 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-signup.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 4.0K 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-trackback.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 3.0K 2015-12-11 16:15 xmlrpc.php

[root@server html]# du -shc *

5.4M code

1.5M filename.tar.gz.bz2

1.5M filename.zip

4.0K index.php

20K license.txt

8.0K readme.html

8.0K wp-activate.php

7.0M wp-admin

4.0K wp-blog-header.php

4.0K wp-comments-post.php

4.0K wp-config-sample.php

4.0K wp-config.php

42M wp-content

4.0K wp-cron.php

13M wp-includes

4.0K wp-links-opml.php

4.0K wp-load.php

36K wp-login.php

8.0K wp-mail.php

16K wp-settings.php

28K wp-signup.php

4.0K wp-trackback.php

4.0K xmlrpc.php

70M 합계


[root@server html]# du --help
Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
  or:  du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.

긴 옵션에서 꼭 필요한 인수는 짧은 옵션에도 꼭 필요합니다.
  -a, --all             write counts for all files, not just directories
      --apparent-size   print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
                          the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
                          larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
                          fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
  -B, --block-size=SIZE  use SIZE-byte blocks
  -b, --bytes           equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
  -c, --total           produce a grand total
  -D, --dereference-args  dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
                          command line
      --files0-from=F   summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
                          names specified in file F;
                          If F is - then read names from standard input
  -H                    equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
  -h, --human-readable  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
      --si              like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
  -k                    like --block-size=1K
  -l, --count-links     count sizes many times if hard linked
  -m                    like --block-size=1M
  -L, --dereference     dereference all symbolic links
  -P, --no-dereference  don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
  -0, --null            end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
  -S, --separate-dirs   do not include size of subdirectories
  -s, --summarize       display only a total for each argument
  -x, --one-file-system    skip directories on different file systems
  -X, --exclude-from=FILE  exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
      --exclude=PATTERN    exclude files that match PATTERN
      --max-depth=N     print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
                          only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
                          line argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same as
                          --summarize
      --time            show time of the last modification of any file in the
                          directory, or any of its subdirectories
      --time=WORD       show time as WORD instead of modification time:
                          atime, access, use, ctime or status
      --time-style=STYLE  show times using style STYLE:
                          full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
                          FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
      --help     이 도움말을 표시하고 끝냅니다
      --version  버전 정보를 출력하고 끝냅니다

[root@server html]# du --help

Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...

or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.

긴 옵션에서 꼭 필요한 인수는 짧은 옵션에도 꼭 필요합니다.

-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories

--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although

the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be

larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal

fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like

-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks

-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'

-c, --total produce a grand total

-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the

command line

--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file

names specified in file F;

If F is - then read names from standard input

-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-k like --block-size=1K

-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked

-m like --block-size=1M

-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links

-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline

-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories

-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument

-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems

-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN

--max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)

only if it is N or fewer levels below the command

line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as

--summarize

--time show time of the last modification of any file in the

directory, or any of its subdirectories

--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:

atime, access, use, ctime or status

--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:

full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT

FORMAT is interpreted like `date'

--help 이 도움말을 표시하고 끝냅니다

--version 버전 정보를 출력하고 끝냅니다

gzip filename / tar cfzp filename.tar targetfile – Linux 압축프로그램

[table caption=”자주 사용하는 리눅스 압축 프로그램” colwidth=”150|” colalign=”center|left|left”]
프로그램 , 압축 하기 , 압축 풀기
tar , tar cfzp filename.tar targetfile , tar xzfp filename.tgz
gzip , gzip filename , gzip -d filename.gz
bzip2

CRONTAB – Windows 의 작업 스케줄러와 같은 리눅스 프로그팸

Cron ? UNIX system 의 작업 스케줄러

[wc_box color=”primary” text_align=”left”]

– Cron은 셸 명령어들이 주어진 일정에 주기적으로 실행하도록 규정해놓은 crontab (cron table) 파일에 의해 구동된다.
– crontab 파일들은 잡 목록 및 cron 데몬에

flush(); – 제로보드를 PHP4서버에서 PHP5서버로 옮겼을때!

다른건 다~ 잘되는데 코멘트가 1개만 나오고 나머지는 안나올때…

flush(); 라는 놈이 문제인데, 찾아서 주석 처리 또는 삭제를 하면 됩니다.


[root@server bbs]# vi view.php

290                         $_skinTimeStart = getmicrotime();
291                         include $dir."/view_comment.php";
292                         $_skinTime += getmicrotime()-$_skinTimeStart;
293                         flush();

# flush(); 를 //flush(); 로 주석 또는 삭제 후 :wq 저장 후 빠져 나오깅~
293                         // flush();

[root@server bbs]# vi view.php

290 $_skinTimeStart = getmicrotime();

291 include $dir."/view_comment.php";

292 $_skinTime += getmicrotime()-$_skinTimeStart;

293 flush();

# flush(); 를 //flush(); 로 주석 또는 삭제 후 :wq 저장 후 빠져 나오깅~

293 // flush();

ls – 폴더의 리스트를 보여주는 명령어

ls?


[root@server html]#
[root@server html]# ls
code         readme.html      wp-blog-header.php    wp-config.php  wp-includes        wp-login.php     wp-signup.php
index.php    wp-activate.php  wp-comments-post.php  wp-content     wp-links-opml.php  wp-mail.php      wp-trackback.php
license.txt  wp-admin         wp-config-sample.php  wp-cron.php    wp-load.php        wp-settings.php  xmlrpc.php
[root@server html]# ls -a
.            code         wp-activate.php       wp-config-sample.php  wp-includes        wp-mail.php       xmlrpc.php
..           index.php    wp-admin              wp-config.php         wp-links-opml.php  wp-settings.php
.htaccess    license.txt  wp-blog-header.php    wp-content            wp-load.php        wp-signup.php
.well-known  readme.html  wp-comments-post.php  wp-cron.php           wp-login.php       wp-trackback.php
[root@server html]# ls -al
합계 196
drwx---rwx.  7 team free  4096 2016-05-20 10:09 .
drwx-----x.  4 team free  4096 2015-12-23 16:28 ..
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free   525 2015-12-11 18:17 .htaccess
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root  4096 2016-02-04 11:35 .well-known
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 2016-03-08 18:09 code
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free   418 2015-09-03 12:33 index.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 19930 2016-01-14 12:36 license.txt
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  7360 2016-05-07 04:26 readme.html
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  5035 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-activate.php
drwxr-xr-x.  9 team free  4096 2015-11-07 09:00 wp-admin
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free   271 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-blog-header.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  1369 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-comments-post.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  2853 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-config-sample.php
-rw-rw-rw-.  1 team free  3053 2015-12-08 15:48 wp-config.php
drwxr-xr-x.  7 team free  4096 2016-05-11 07:53 wp-content
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  3286 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-cron.php
drwxr-xr-x. 16 team free  4096 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-includes
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  2380 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-links-opml.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  3316 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-load.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 33770 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-login.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  7887 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-mail.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 13021 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-settings.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free 28594 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-signup.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  4035 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-trackback.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 team free  3061 2015-12-11 16:15 xmlrpc.php

[root@server html]#

[root@server html]# ls

code readme.html wp-blog-header.php wp-config.php wp-includes wp-login.php wp-signup.php

index.php wp-activate.php wp-comments-post.php wp-content wp-links-opml.php wp-mail.php wp-trackback.php

license.txt wp-admin wp-config-sample.php wp-cron.php wp-load.php wp-settings.php xmlrpc.php

[root@server html]# ls -a

. code wp-activate.php wp-config-sample.php wp-includes wp-mail.php xmlrpc.php

.. index.php wp-admin wp-config.php wp-links-opml.php wp-settings.php

.htaccess license.txt wp-blog-header.php wp-content wp-load.php wp-signup.php

.well-known readme.html wp-comments-post.php wp-cron.php wp-login.php wp-trackback.php

[root@server html]# ls -al

합계 196

drwx---rwx. 7 team free 4096 2016-05-20 10:09 .

drwx-----x. 4 team free 4096 2015-12-23 16:28 ..

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 525 2015-12-11 18:17 .htaccess

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 2016-02-04 11:35 .well-known

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2016-03-08 18:09 code

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 418 2015-09-03 12:33 index.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 19930 2016-01-14 12:36 license.txt

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 7360 2016-05-07 04:26 readme.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 5035 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-activate.php

drwxr-xr-x. 9 team free 4096 2015-11-07 09:00 wp-admin

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 271 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-blog-header.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 1369 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-comments-post.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 2853 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-config-sample.php

-rw-rw-rw-. 1 team free 3053 2015-12-08 15:48 wp-config.php

drwxr-xr-x. 7 team free 4096 2016-05-11 07:53 wp-content

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 3286 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-cron.php

drwxr-xr-x. 16 team free 4096 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-includes

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 2380 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-links-opml.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 3316 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-load.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 33770 2016-01-14 12:36 wp-login.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 7887 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-mail.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 13021 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-settings.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 28594 2015-12-11 16:15 wp-signup.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 4035 2015-09-03 12:33 wp-trackback.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 team free 3061 2015-12-11 16:15 xmlrpc.php

[table caption=”ls option” colwidth=”150|” colalign=”center|left”]
옵 션 , 설 명
-R , 지정한 디렉토리이하에 있는 하부디렉토리와 파일들을 모두 포함 / Recursive
-r , 출력결과를 정열할 때에서 내림차순으로 정렬 / Descending
-S , 파일사이즈가 가장 큰 것부터 순서대로

제로보드 스팸 게시물 삭제

제로보드 가 2008년에 단종이 되고 XE가 나왔습니다.

그런데 이 단종된 제로보드 를 아직도 많이 사용하고 있습니다.

왜냐! 만드는 사람 입장에서는 쉽고 빠르게 홈페이지 하나를 뚝딱 만들수 있어 클라이언트에 빨리 납품하기 좋고, 클라이언트

PHP upload / 업로드 용량 설정 / php.ini

PHP 업로드 용량 설정팁~


[root@server conf]# vi php.ini

max_input_time = 360
max_execution_time = 360
memory_limit = 610M
ost_max_size = 1024M
upload_max_filesize = 1024M

[root@server conf]# vi php.ini

max_input_time = 360

max_execution_time = 360

memory_limit = 610M

ost_max_size = 1024M

upload_max_filesize = 1024M


[root@server conf]# vi extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /free/home/rezard/html
ServerName rezard.com
ServerAlias www.rezard.com
php_admin_value post_max_size "40M"
php_admin_value upload_max_filesize "32M"
CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon
</VirtualHost>

[root@server conf]# vi extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

DocumentRoot /free/home/rezard/html

ServerName rezard.com

ServerAlias www.rezard.com

php_admin_value post_max_size "40M"

php_admin_value upload_max_filesize "32M"

CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon

</VirtualHost>


# 그외.. mod_security 가 설치되어 있다면...
[root@server conf]# vi security.conf
SecResponseBodyLimit 1048576000
SecRequestBodyLimit 1048576000

# 그외.. mod_security 가 설치되어 있다면...

[root@server conf]# vi security.conf

SecResponseBodyLimit 1048576000

SecRequestBodyLimit 1048576000

awk – 필드단위로 패턴처리 할때 사용하는 스크립트

참조 : awk wiki

awk 는 위 이미지와 같이 정형화된 규칙을 가진 문서에서 필드별 패턴을 구분하여 보여줄때 사용하는 스크립트입니다.

저는 주로 위 이미지처럼 access_log 를 분석할때 자주 사용하며, 이 외에도 awk 는

find – 폴더에서 특정조건을 가진 파일 찾기

find 는 폴더에서 특정 조건에 맞는 파일을 찾을때 사용하는 리눅스 명령어입니다.


[root@server ~]# find --help
Usage: find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-Olevel] [-D help|tree|search|stat|rates|opt|exec] [path...] [expression]

default path is the current directory; default expression is -print
expression may consist of: operators, options, tests, and actions:

operators (decreasing precedence; -and is implicit where no others are given):
          ( EXPR )   ! EXPR   -not EXPR   EXPR1 -a EXPR2   EXPR1 -and EXPR2
            EXPR1 -o EXPR2   EXPR1 -or EXPR2   EXPR1 , EXPR2

positional options (always true): -daystart -follow -regextype

normal options (always true, specified before other expressions):
      -depth --help -maxdepth LEVELS -mindepth LEVELS -mount -noleaf
      --version -xdev -ignore_readdir_race -noignore_readdir_race

tests (N can be +N or -N or N): -amin N -anewer FILE -atime N -cmin N
      -cnewer FILE -ctime N -empty -false -fstype TYPE -gid N -group NAME
      -ilname PATTERN -iname PATTERN -inum N -iwholename PATTERN -iregex PATTERN
      -links N -lname PATTERN -mmin N -mtime N -name PATTERN -newer FILE
      -nouser -nogroup -path PATTERN -perm [+-]MODE -regex PATTERN
      -readable -writable -executable
      -wholename PATTERN -size N[bcwkMG] -true -type [bcdpflsD] -uid N
      -used N -user NAME -xtype [bcdpfls]
      -context CONTEXT


actions: -delete -print0 -printf FORMAT -fprintf FILE FORMAT -print
      -fprint0 FILE -fprint FILE -ls -fls FILE -prune -quit
      -exec COMMAND ; -exec COMMAND {} + -ok COMMAND ;
      -execdir COMMAND ; -execdir COMMAND {} + -okdir COMMAND ;

[root@server ~]# find --help

default path is the current directory; default expression is -print

expression may consist of: operators, options, tests, and actions:

operators (decreasing precedence; -and is implicit where no others are given):

( EXPR ) ! EXPR -not EXPR EXPR1 -a EXPR2 EXPR1 -and EXPR2

EXPR1 -o EXPR2 EXPR1 -or EXPR2 EXPR1 , EXPR2

positional options (always true): -daystart -follow -regextype

normal options (always true, specified before other expressions):

-depth --help -maxdepth LEVELS -mindepth LEVELS -mount -noleaf

--version -xdev -ignore_readdir_race -noignore_readdir_race

tests (N can be +N or -N or N): -amin N -anewer FILE -atime N -cmin N

-cnewer FILE -ctime N -empty -false -fstype TYPE -gid N -group NAME

-ilname PATTERN -iname PATTERN -inum N -iwholename PATTERN -iregex PATTERN

-links N -lname PATTERN -mmin N -mtime N -name PATTERN -newer FILE

-nouser -nogroup -path PATTERN -perm [+-]MODE -regex PATTERN

-readable -writable -executable

-wholename PATTERN -size N[bcwkMG] -true -type [bcdpflsD] -uid N

-used N -user NAME -xtype [bcdpfls]

-context CONTEXT

actions: -delete -print0 -printf FORMAT -fprintf FILE FORMAT -print

-fprint0 FILE -fprint FILE -ls -fls FILE -prune -quit

-exec COMMAND ; -exec COMMAND {} + -ok COMMAND ;

-execdir COMMAND ; -execdir COMMAND {} + -okdir COMMAND ;

응용으로는…


# 현재 폴더내에 180일이 지난 파일을 찾아서 내용 삭제
[root@server ~]# find ./ -type f ! \( -mtime -180 \) -exec cp -f /dev/null {} \;

# 현재 폴더내에 한 단계 아래까지만 체크하여 180일이 지나도 특정 네임을 가진 파일 제외하고 파일을 찾기
[root@server ~]# find ./ -type f -maxdepth 1 ! \( -mtime -180 -or -name weblog -or -name .bash_* -or -name .emacs -or -name myinfo\);

# 현재 폴더내에 한 단계 아래까지만 체크하여 31일이 지난 파일의 내용을 삭제
[root@server ~]# find ./ -type f -maxdepth 1 ! \( -mtime -31 \) -exec cp -f /dev/null {} \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 .html 이 붙은 모든 파일을 찾아서 .asp를 .html로 내용 수정(일괄 치환)
[root@server ~]# find . -type f -name '*.html' -exec perl -pi -e 's/.asp/.html/g' {} \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 모든 파일을 열어 ro521.com 이 있는 라인을 찾아서 삭제 (침해파일 일괄 수정할때 사용)
[root@server ~]# find . -type f -exec vim -c ":g/ro521.com/d" -c ":x" "{}" \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 모든 파일을 열어 ro521.com 이 있는 파일 찾기
[root@server ~]# find . -type f  | xargs grep 'ro521.com' | sed 's/:/ /g' | awk '{print $1}'

# 현재 폴더이하에서 특정유저의 파일을 찾아 그 파일의 소유권 교체
[root@server ~]# find . -type f -user '아이디' -exec chown 아이디.그룹 {} \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 .html 이 붙은 파일을 찾아서 압축하기
[root@server ~]# tar cfzp - `find . -name *.html ` > test.tar.gz

# /home 폴더이하에서 .php 와 .htm 이 붙은 파일을 찾아 그 파일의 퍼미션을 644로 변경
[root@server ~]# find /home* -type f \( -name '*.php' -or -name '*.htm*' \) -exec chmod 644 {} \;

# 현재 폴더내에 180일이 지난 파일을 찾아서 내용 삭제

[root@server ~]# find ./ -type f ! $ -mtime -180 $ -exec cp -f /dev/null {} \;

# 현재 폴더내에 한 단계 아래까지만 체크하여 180일이 지나도 특정 네임을 가진 파일 제외하고 파일을 찾기

[root@server ~]# find ./ -type f -maxdepth 1 ! $ -mtime -180 -or -name weblog -or -name .bash_* -or -name .emacs -or -name myinfo$;

# 현재 폴더내에 한 단계 아래까지만 체크하여 31일이 지난 파일의 내용을 삭제

[root@server ~]# find ./ -type f -maxdepth 1 ! $ -mtime -31 $ -exec cp -f /dev/null {} \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 .html 이 붙은 모든 파일을 찾아서 .asp를 .html로 내용 수정(일괄 치환)

[root@server ~]# find . -type f -name '*.html' -exec perl -pi -e 's/.asp/.html/g' {} \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 모든 파일을 열어 ro521.com 이 있는 라인을 찾아서 삭제 (침해파일 일괄 수정할때 사용)

[root@server ~]# find . -type f -exec vim -c ":g/ro521.com/d" -c ":x" "{}" \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 모든 파일을 열어 ro521.com 이 있는 파일 찾기

[root@server ~]# find . -type f | xargs grep 'ro521.com' | sed 's/:/ /g' | awk '{print $1}'

# 현재 폴더이하에서 특정유저의 파일을 찾아 그 파일의 소유권 교체

[root@server ~]# find . -type f -user '아이디' -exec chown 아이디.그룹 {} \;

# 현재 폴더이하에서 .html 이 붙은 파일을 찾아서 압축하기

[root@server ~]# tar cfzp - `find . -name *.html ` > test.tar.gz

# /home 폴더이하에서 .php 와 .htm 이 붙은 파일을 찾아 그 파일의 퍼미션을 644로 변경

[root@server ~]# find /home* -type f $ -name '*.php' -or -name '*.htm*' $ -exec chmod 644 {} \;